Carpenters
Richard and Karen Carpenter
: ''This article is about a musical group. If you are looking for information about the skilled trade, see carpenter.''
The Carpenters were a 1970s vocal and instrumental duo, consisting of siblings Karen and Richard Carpenter. With their brand of melodic pop, they charted a score of hit recordings on the American Top 40, becoming leading exponents of the "soft rock" or adult contemporary genre and ranking among the foremost recording artists of the decade.
Before Carpenters
Born in New Haven, Connecticut, USA, (Richard on October 15, 1946, and Karen on March 2, 1950), the Carpenter siblings moved with their parents to California in 1963 and settled in the Los Angeles suburb of Downey. Richard had developed his interest in music at an early age, becoming a piano prodigy. The move to southern California was intended in part to foster his budding musical career. Karen, meanwhile, did not manifest her musical talents until high school, when she joined the band and soon mastered the drums.
1960s
During the mid to late 1960s, the two attempted to launch a musical career but failed to gain a successful recording deal until the decade's end. In May 1966 Karen joined Richard in attending a late night session in the garage studio of L.A. bassist Joe Osborn, where Richard was to accompany an auditioning vocalist. Asked to sing, Karen performed and landed a short-lived recording contract as a solo artist with Osborn's fledgling label Magic Lamp. The resulting single included two of Richard's compositions, "Looking for Love" and "I'll Be Yours," but the label soon folded, bringing this promising start to a close. During this period, the pair, joined by bassist friend Wes Jacobs, formed the Richard Carpenter Trio, a jazz instrumental group. Winning the Hollywood Bowl "Battle of the Bands" in 1966, the trio was picked up by the RCA label. The label chose not to release their songs, however, and doubting their commercial potential, RCA soon dropped the trio. Richard and Karen next teamed with four other student musicians from Long Beach State to form the sextet Spectrum. Although the new group landed club dates at such venues as the Whisky A Go-Go, no record deal was forthcoming. Nevertheless, the experience proved rewarding for the siblings, as Richard found a lyricist for his original compositions in fellow Spectrum member John Bettis. After Spectrum folded, the Carpenters decided to continue as a duo, with Richard on keyboards, Karen on drums, and both contributing vocals. Hired to perform at a party for the premiere of the 1969 film ''Goodbye, Mr. Chips,'' they were noticed by its star, Petula Clark. She introduced them to Herb Alpert, who signed the duo to his label, A&M Records. Their initial LP, titled ''Offering,'' featured numerous selections that Richard had written or co-written during their Spectrum period. The most significant track on the album, though, was a ballad rendition of The Beatles' hit "Ticket to Ride", which soon became a minor hit for the Carpenters, and the LP was subsequently repackaged and retitled ''Ticket to Ride'' with somewhat improved sales.
1970s
The Carpenters achieved their breakthrough in 1970 with the release of the Burt Bacharach-Hal David song, "(They Long to Be) Close to You", which rose to #1 and stayed atop the charts for four weeks. A follow-up recording, "We've Only Just Begun" (written by Paul Williams and Roger Nichols), reached #2 to become the duo's second major hit in the fall of 1970, and helped catapult the album featuring both hits (titled ''Close to You'') to bestseller status. The duo rounded out the year with a holiday release, "Merry Christmas Darling", which Richard co-wrote with Frank Pooler, who had been the duo's choral director at Long Beach State. The single scored high on the holiday charts in 1970 and made repeat appearances on the charts in subsequent years.A string of hit singles and albums kept the Carpenters on the charts through the early 1970s, including "For All We Know", "Rainy Days and Mondays", and "Superstar" (all from the LP, ''Carpenters'') in 1971; "Hurting Each Other", "It's Going to Take Some Time", and "Goodbye to Love" (from the LP, ''A Song for You'') in 1972; "Sing" and "Yesterday Once More" (from the LP, ''Now and Then'') in 1973. "Top of the World", an album selection on the ''Song for You'' LP, was covered by country artist Lynn Anderson, became a word-of-mouth hit and was re-recorded for single release in 1973, reaching number one on the Top 40 late that year. A greatest hits LP, titled ''The Singles: 1969-1973'', topped the charts in the U.S. and the United Kingdom and became one of the bestselling albums of the decade, ultimately selling more than 7,000,000 copies in the U.S. alone.During the first half of the 1970s, the Carpenters' music was a staple of Top 40 playlists. The duo produced a distinctive sound featuring Karen's expressive contralto on lead vocals, with both siblings contributing background vocals that were overdubbed to create densely layered harmonies. To his role as vocalist, keyboardist, and arranger, Richard added that of composer on numerous tracks. Several of his compositions with lyricist John Bettis became hit records, including "Goodbye to Love", "Yesterday Once More", and "Top of the World".To promote their recordings, the Carpenters maintained a staggering schedule of concert tours and television appearances during this period. Among their numerous television credits were appearances on such popular series as ''American Bandstand'', ''The Ed Sullivan Show'', ''The Tonight Show'' starring Johnny Carson, and the Carol Burnett Show. In 1971 the duo appeared in a television special on the BBC in the United Kingdom and were the featured performers in a summer replacement series, ''Make Your Own Kind of Music'', which aired on NBC-TV in the U.S. In May 1973 the Carpenters accepted an invitation to perform at the White House for President Richard Nixon and visiting West German chancellor Willy Brandt.The Carpenters' popularity often confounded critics. With their output focused on ballads and mid-tempo pop, the duo's music was often dismissed by critics as bland and "saccharine". The recording industry, however, bestowed awards on the duo, who won three Grammy Awards during their career (including Best New Artist, and Best Pop Performance by a Duo, Group, or Chorus, for "Close to You" in 1970; and Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group for the LP ''Carpenters'' in 1971). In 1973, the Carpenters were voted Best Band, Duo, or Group (Pop/Rock) at the first annual American Music Awards.Extensive touring in 1973-74 left the duo with little time for recording new material. As a result, the Carpenters did not issue a new album in 1974. Instead the pair chose for single release the Williams-Nichols composition, "I Won't Last a Day Without You." Originally recorded as an album track for 1972's ''Song for You'' LP, the single version became the fifth and final selection from that album project to chart in the Top 20, reaching #11 on the U.S. charts. In late 1974 a Christmas single followed, a jazz-influenced rendition of "Santa Claus Is Coming to Town".In early 1975 the Carpenters scaled the charts with a remake of the Marvelettes' hit "Please Mr. Postman". Released in late 1974, the single soared to #1 on the U.S. charts in January 1975, becoming the duo's third and final number one single. Later that spring the pair scored a final top five hit with the Carpenter-Bettis song "Only Yesterday". Both singles appeared on the LP ''Horizon'', which also included covers of The Eagles' "Desperado" and Neil Sedaka's "Solitaire", which became a moderate hit for the duo that year. The LPs ''Horizon'' and ''A Kind of Hush'', released in 1975 and 1976 respectively, achieved "gold" status but failed to peak as high as previous efforts. Their singles releases in 1976 likewise followed a pattern of diminishing returns. The duo's highest charting single that year was a cover of Herman's Hermits' "There's a Kind of Hush", which peaked at number 12. The follow-up single, the Carpenter-Bettis song "I Need to Be in Love" charted no higher than 25, while the novelty song "Goofus" failed to reach the Top 40 entirely.Their more experimental album, ''Passage'', released in 1977, marked an attempt to broaden their appeal by venturing into other musical genres. The LP featured an unlikely mix of Latin rock, calypso, and pop, and included the Top 40 hit "All You Get From Love is a Love Song". The most notable tracks included cover versions of "Don't Cry For Me, Argentina" (from the rock opera ''Evita''), and Klaatu's "Calling Occupants Of Interplanetary Craft", both complete with choral and orchestral accompaniment. Although the single release of "Calling Occupants" became a top ten hit in the U.K., it stalled at number 32 on the U.S. charts, and the album failed to cross the gold threshold of 500,000 copies sold in the States. Despite their disappointing performance on domestic charts, the Carpenters continued to enjoy enormous popularity. A second ''Singles'' album (covering the years 1974-1978) was released in the U.K., while in the States, their 1978 holiday album, ''A Christmas Portrait'', proved an exception to their faltering career at home and became a seasonal favorite. (A second Christmas collection, ''An Old Fashioned Christmas'', was released in 1984 after Karen's death.) Their television specials also garnered solid ratings and kept them before the public eye during the late 1970s. Karen dated such celebrities as Allan Osmond and Mike Curb.By the mid-1970s, extensive touring and lengthy recording sessions had begun to take their toll on the duo and contributed to their professional difficulties during the latter half of the decade. Karen dieted obsessively and developed the disorder anorexia nervosa, which first manifested itself in 1975, when an exhausted and emaciated Karen was forced to cancel concert tours in the U.K. and Japan after collapsing onstage in Las Vegas while singing "Top of the World." (Her obsession with weight loss apparently began after she read a review in ''Billboard'' magazine that dubbed her "Richard's chubby sister.") Richard, meanwhile, developed an addiction to Quaaludes, which began to affect his performance in the late 1970s and led to the end of the duo's live concert appearances in 1978.
1980s
Richard sought treatment for his addiction at a Topeka, Kansas, facility in early 1979. Karen, meanwhile, decided to pursue a solo album project with renowned producer Phil Ramone in New York. Her choice of more adult-oriented and disco/dance-tempo material represented an effort to retool their image. The resulting product, however, met a tepid response from Richard and A&M executives in early 1980, and Karen wavered in her dedication to the project. Ultimately, she abandoned the solo effort in favor of launching a new LP with her brother, now fully recovered from his addiction. (Her solo LP, ''Karen Carpenter'', remained unreleased until October 1996.) Their LP ''Made in America'', released in 1981, spawned a final top 20 hit single, "Touch Me When We're Dancing", with three other singles (including another Motown cover version, this time "Beechwood 4-5789") barely cracking the Top 75.Personal troubles, however, dimmed the prospects of this modest return to the charts, as Karen suffered from a failed 1980 marriage to real estate developer Thomas J. Burris (the couple separated one year after their fairy tale-like wedding) and the ongoing effects of her anorexia nervosa. In 1982, Karen sought therapy with noted psychotherapist Steven Levenkron in New York City for her disorder and returned to California later that year determined to regain her professional career. She quickly gained 10 lb (5 kg) in one week, but the sudden weight gain further damaged her heart, which was already damaged from years of dieting and abuse (especially - as is rumored - abuse of ipecac, which directly damages heart muscle when taken repeatedly). On February 4, 1983, Karen suffered cardiac arrest at her parents' home in Downey and was pronounced dead at Downey Memorial Hospital at the age of only 32. A funeral service was held later. Karen Carpenter, dressed in pink, lay in an open casket, and through an afternoon rain a thousand mourners passed through to say goodbye. Among the people were her best friends, Dorothy Hamill, Olivia Newton John, Petula Clark, Cristina Ferrare and Dionne Warwick. "I saw her at the Grammy's photo session and she was so proud of the way she looked", said Warwick.''Voice Of The Heart'' was released in November 1983, an album that was in the works at the time of her death, also included some finished tracks left out of ''Made In America'' and a couple of earlier albums. review The album peaked at #46, and two singles were released. "Make Believe It's Your First Time", a duo version of a song she had recorded for her solo album, only got up to #101, and "Your Baby Doesn't Love You Anymore" didn't chart in the U.S. A couple of the more depressing songs recorded for these sessions were held back for later compilations.